The former player: 'I really hoped to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This article contains descriptions of discriminatory comments and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that going public to expose racism in rugby union brought his career to an early end.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, displaying digital communications and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what happened," he explained to reporters.
"I really wanted to carry on playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and accept that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect enough proof to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also faced discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his first game in February 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed considerable attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the professional game to strive for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and women's rugby club now has in-person education on building welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff died soon after the production of the documentary, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His 12 Foundation aims to reach young people in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed on and off the field with complimentary sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to share their story then I'll persist to fight that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I need to grab the bull by the opportunity and continue bearing this flag and keep carrying this responsibility and do what I can to create possibilities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that rugby has the potential to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022